5 Kinds Disease Due to Dust Particles in Air Pollution

Air pollution by particles can be caused by natural events and can also be caused due to human activity, through industrial and technological activities. Particles that pollute the air a lot of kinds and types, depending on the kinds and types of industrial activities and technologies. About the kinds and types of air pollutants and particle pollution has many sources

In general, particles that pollute the air can damage the environment, plants, animals and humans. These particles are extremely detrimental to human health.In general, air that has been contaminated by the particles can cause a variety of respiratory tract disease, or pneumoconiosis.

When people breathe, air containing particles will be inhaled into the lungs. The size of particles (dust) that goes into the lungs will determine the position of attachment or deposition of such particles. Particles measuring less than 5 microns will be captured in the upper respiratory tract, while the particle size of 3 to 5 microns will be captured at the center of the respiratory tract. Particles that are smaller, 1 to 3 microns, will go into the air sacs of the lungs, attached to the alveoli. Even smaller particles, less than 1 micron, will come out when the breath is exhaled.

Pneumoconiosis is a respiratory disease caused by the presence of particles (dust) that enter or settle in the lungs. Pnemokoniosis diseases of many kinds, depending on the type of particles (dust) that enter or inhaled into the lungs.Several types of pneumoconiosis disease is often found in areas that have many industrial activities and technologies, namely silicosis, asbestosis, Bisinosis, Antrakosis and Beriliosis.

1. Silicosis Disease

Silicosis  Disease is caused by pollution-free silica dust, in the form of SiO2, which is inhaled into the lungs and then settles. Free silica dust in the factory there are many iron and steel, ceramics, concrete casting, metal working workshop (filing, grinding, etc.). In addition, silica dust juka numerous in places where cross-section of iron ore, tin and coal mines. The use of coal as a fuel also produce a lot of free silica dust SiO2. At the time of burning, silica dust will come out and dispersed into the air together - together with other particles, like dust alumina, iron oxide and carbon in the form of ash.

Silica dust into the lungs will have an incubation period of about 2 to 4 years. The incubation period will be shorter, or the disease silicosis symptoms will soon appear, when the silica concentration is quite high in the air and inhaled into the lungs in large quantities. Disease silicosis is characterized by shortness of breath accompanied by cough-cough. Ii cough is often not accompanied by phlegm. In silicosis behavior is, symptoms of shortness of breath accompanied by visible and on examination of lung abnormalities fototoraks easily observed. When the disease silicosis is heavy then it will be more severe shortness of breath, and then followed by cardiac hypertrophy of the right that will lead to failure of the heart.

Workplace potential for silica dust contaminated by the need to obtain safety and occupational health supervision and strict environmental causes of disease silicosis has been no proper cure. Preventive action is more important and meaningful than the act of treatment. Disease silicosis would be worse if the patient had previously been suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchitis, asthma broonchiale and other respiratory diseases.

Supervision and periodic medical examinations for workers will help the prevention and control of occupational diseases. Health data entry workers before work, during work and after work it should be noted for reflection history of workers if any - time is required.

2. Asbestosis Disease

Asbestosis is a disease of occupational diseases caused by dust or asbestos fibers that pollute the air. Asbestos is a mixture of various silicates, but the main thing is magnesium silicate. Asbestos dust often found in factories and industries that use asbestos, asbestos fiber spinning mills, asbestos-roofed factories and so forth.

Asbestos dust is inhaled into the lungs will result in symptoms of shortness of breath and cough accompanied by phlegm. Fingertips will seem bigger sufferer / widening. If the sputum examination could reveal the existence of asbestos dust in the sputum. Use of asbestos for a variety of purposes would be followed by awareness of safety and environmental health in order not to cause asbestosis it.

3. Bisinosis  Disease

Bisinosis pneumoconiosis disease is a disease caused by breathing dust or pollution in the air of cotton fiber which is then inhaled into the lungs. Cotton or cotton dust fibers are often found on cotton spinning mills, textile mills, cotton companies and warehousing as well as factories or other work that uses cotton or textiles, such as the manufacture of mattresses, seat upholstery manufacturing and others.

The incubation period is long enough bisinosis disease, which is about 5 years.Early signs of the disease this bisinosis shortness of breath, feeling heavy in the chest, especially on a Monday (ie today start working on each week). A psychic every Monday to work with the disease bisinosis feel a heavy burden on the chest and shortness of breath. Allergic reactions due to the cotton that goes into the respiratory tract is also an early symptom bisinosis. In bisinosis have advanced or severe, the disease is usually also followed by chronic bronchitis and emphysema may also be accompanied with.

4. Antrakosis Disease

Antrakosis disease is a respiratory disease caused by coal dust. The disease is usually found in coal mine workers or the workers that many involve the use of coal, as coal pengumpa in iron furnaces, locomotives (stoker) and also on coal-powered ships, and workers at the central boiler-fired Steam Power coal.

The disease incubation period between 2-4 years. As with any disease silicosis and other diseases pneumokonisosi, antrakosis disease is also marked by a sense of shortness of breath. Because the coal dust is sometimes also contained the silicate dust antrakosis disease is also often accompanied by disease silicosis. If this happens then the illness is called silikoantrakosis. Antrakosis disease there are three kinds, namely pure antrakosis disease, illness and disease silikoantraksosis tuberkolosilikoantrakosis.

Disease caused by coal dust antrakosis pure. This disease takes a long time to be heavy, and relatively not so dangerous. Antrakosis disease becomes severe when accompanied by complications or emphysema which allows the occurrence of death. If it happens then antrakosis pure emphysema is more severe than the relatively rare silikoantraksosis followed by emphysema. Actually, between pure and silikoantraksosi antrakosis difficult to distinguish, except from the source of the cause. While paenyakit tuberkolosilikoantrakosis more easily distinguished by two other antrakosis disease. This difference is easily seen from fototorak which showed abnormalities in the lungs as a result of coal dust and silicate dust, as well as the tuberculosis bacillus that attacks the lungs.

5. Beriliosis Disease

The air is polluted by the dust of beryllium metal, either in the form of pure metal, oxide, sulfate, or in the form halogenida, can cause respiratory disease called beriliosis. Metal dust can cause nasoparingtis, bronchitis and pneumonitis is characterized by symptoms of slight fever, dry cough and shortness of breath.Beriliosis disease can occur in industrial workers using beryllium alloys, copper, factory workers in fluorescent tube manufacturing factory radio and also on materials processing workers supporting the nuclear industry.

In addition, workers who use a lot of zinc (in the form of silicate) and also manganese, can also cause illness or delayed pending beriliosis berryliosis also called chronic beriliosis. This delayed effect could be intermittent 5 years after stopping breathing air contaminated by the metal dust. So five years after the worker is no longer in the environment containing metal dust, the disease might arise beriliosis. The disease is characterized by symptoms of fatigue, and weight loss and shortness of breath. Therefore, periodic medical examinations for workers involved with workers using metal needs to be carried on - constantly.

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